List of state leaders in 1340

Africa

Empire of Ethiopia - Amda Seyon I (1314–1344)
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt -
1. Al-Nasir Muhammad (1309–1340)
2. Saif ad-Din Abu-Bakr (1340–1341)
Morocco (Marinid dynasty) - Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman (1331–1351)
Waalo - Sam Dyakekh, King of Waalo (1336–1343)
Warsangali Sultanate
1. Gerad Ibrahim (1328–1340)
2. Gerad Omer (1340–1355)
Zeng Empire - Daud IV, King of Kilwa (1334–1357)

Chagatai Khanate - Yesun Temur (1338–1342)
China (Yuan Dynasty) - Emperor Huizong (1333–1370)
Kingdom of Chūzan - Seii (1337–1355)
Delhi Sultanate - (Tughlaq dynasty) - Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)
Gondwana - Sabala Simha, Ruler of Gondwana (1325–1354)
Kingdom of Hokuzan - Haniji (1322–1395)
Jandarids (Celebi Dynasty) - Altynbash, Bey of Sinop (1300–1355)
Japan (Nanboku-chō period)
- Monarch (Northern Pretender) - Emperor Kōmyō (1336–1348)
- Monarch (Southern Court) - Emperor Go-Murakami (1339–1368)
- Shogun (Ashikaga) - Ashikaga Takauji (1338–1358)
Kamata Kingdom - (Khen dynasty) - Durlabh Narayan (1330–1350)
Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) - Chunghye (1339–1344)
Madurai Sultanate -
1. Qutb-ud-Din Firuz, Sultan of Madurai (1339-1340)
2. Ghiyas-ud-Din Muhammad Damghani, Sultan of Madurai (1340-1344)
Kingdom of Nanzan - Ofusato (1337–1396)
Ottoman Empire - Orhan I, Ottoman Bey (1326–1359)
Vijayanagar (Sangama Dynasty) - Harihara I, Ruler of Vijayanagar (1336–1354)
Western Ganga Dynasty - Narasimha Deva III (1328-1352)

Arborea - Peter III, Giudice of Arborea (1336-1347)
Crown of Castile - Alfonso XI (1312–1350)
Kingdom of Cyprus - Hugh IV (1324–1359)
Kingdom of Denmark -
1. interregnum (1332–1340)
2. Valdemar IV (1340–1375)
Kingdom of England - Edward III (1327–1377)
Kingdom of France - Philip VI (1328–1350)
Republic of Genoa - Simone Boccanegra, Doge of Genoa (1339–1344; 1356–1364)
Hebrides - John I, Lord of the Hebrides (1330–1387)
Kingdom of Hungary - (House of Capet–Anjou) - Charles I, King of Hungary (1312-1342)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Gediminas (1316–1341)
Livonia - Eberhard von Monheim, Landmaster of Livonia (1328–1340)
Kingdom of Norway - Magnus VII (1319–1355 (as defacto 1343–1355))
Novgorod -
- President of the Council of Novgorod - Vasili Kalika (1330–1352)
Kingdom of Portugal - Afonso IV (1325–1357)
Kingdom of Scotland - David II (1329–1371)
Kingdom of Sweden - Magnus II (1319–1363)
Republic of Venice - Bartholomew Gradenigo, Doge of Venice (1339–1342)

Albania - Robert, King of Albania (1332–1364)
Bulgarian Empire - Ivan Alexander, Tsar of Bulgaria (1331–1371)
Byzantine Empire - Andronicus III Palaeologus (1328–1341)
Latin Empire of Constantinople - Catherine II, Empress of the Latin Empire (1308–1346)
- Aegina - Boniface II, Count of Aegina (1338–1374)
- Anaphe - Domenic, Lord of Anaphe (1338–1358)
Misithra - John Kantakouzenos, Emperor of Misithra (1339–1341)
Kingdom of Serbia - Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (1331–1355)

Holy Roman Empire (House of Wittelsbach) - Louis IV (1314–1347)
Lower-Alsace - Ulrich, Landgrave of Lower-Alsace (1308–1343)
County of Anhalt-Bernburg - Bernhard III (1318/1324–1348)
Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst -
- Albert II co-ruler (1316–1362)
- Waldemar I co-ruler (1316–1367)
Patriarchate of Aquileia - Bertrando di San Genesio (1334–1350)
Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg - Henry III von Schönegg (1337–1348)
Duchy of Austria (House of Habsburg) - Albert II (1330–1358)
Margraviate of Baden-Eberstein - Herman IX (1314–1362)
Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg - Henry IV (1330–1369)
Margraviate of Baden-Pforzheim - Rudolf IV (1333–1353)
Margraviate of Baden-Sausenberg - Rudolf II (1313–1352)
Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg - Leopold II von Egloffstein (1335–1343)
County of Bar - Henry IV (1337–1344)
Duchy of Brabant - John III (1312–1355)
Prince-Bishopric of Basel - Johann II von Munsingen (1335–1365)
County of Hainaut (House of Avesnes) - William IV (1337–1345)
Kingdom of Bohemia (House of Luxembourg) - John I (1310–1346)
Archbishopric of Cologne - Walram von Jülich (1332–1349)
Archbishopric of Mainz - Heinrich III von Virneberg (1328–1346)
Saxony - Rudolph I, Elector of Saxony (1298–1356)
Archbishopric of Trier - Baldwin of Luxembourg (1307–1354)